Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Development of Ancient Civilizations and the Rise of Nations The First Humans Were Born in Africa - Lucy, the First Human ……… 12 The First Civilization Arose Between Two Rivers - Mesopotamian Civilization ……… 14 The Nile, Mother River, Nurtured a Civilization - Egyptian Civilization ……… 16 Mohenjo-daro, an Ancient City Surrounded by Mud Bricks - Indus Civilization ……… 18 Civilization Blossomed Along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers - Chinese Civilization ……… 20 The Largest Empire Built by Ancient Humans - The Persian Empire ……… 22 A New Philosophy That Criticized an Unequal Society - The Birth of Buddhism ……… 24 What Happened in Greece, the Birthplace of Democracy - Greek Democratic Politics ……… 26 Determining the Strongest Power in the Mediterranean - The Persian Wars ……… 28 A Free Atmosphere Laid the Roots of Western Culture - Greek Culture ……… 30 Many Schools of Thought Flourished in a Chaotic World - The Hundred Schools of Thought ……… 32 The Conquering King Who United East and West - Alexander the Great and Hellenism ……… 34 Rome Became Master of the Mediterranean - The Roman Republic and the Punic Wars ……… 36 Ending an Age of Division to Unify China - The Qin Dynasty's Unification of China ……… 38 Iron Technology and Confucianism Laid the Foundation of the Nation - The Han Dynasty ……… 40 The Great Trade Route Connecting East and West - The Opening of the Silk Road ……… 42 The Beginning of Change in the Roman Republic - The Triumvirate and Caesar ……… 44 An Age of Peace Came to Rome - Augustus ……… 46 Jesus Appeared to Save a Troubled World - The Establishment and Spread of Christianity ……… 48 The First Kingdom in Africa Was Founded - The Kingdom of Ghana ……… 50 The Huns of Asia Threw Europe into Turmoil - The Invasion of the Huns ……… 52 Rome Split in Two and the Western Roman Empire Fell - The Fall of the Western Roman Empire ……… 54 Chapter 2: The Emergence of New Empires Founding Islam and Unifying the Arabian Peninsula - Muhammad ……… 58 The Rise and Fall of the Tang Dynasty, Rich in Nomadic Culture - The Tang Dynasty ……… 60 The Germanic Peoples Crowned a Western Roman Emperor - The Coronation of Charlemagne ……… 62 The Vikings Reached a Land of Ice - The Discovery of Iceland ……… 64 A Roman Emperor Knelt Before the Pope - The Humiliation at Canossa ……… 66 A Tragic War That Defiled the Name of God - The Crusades ……… 68 Chinese Buddhism and Indian Hinduism Merged - The Empires of Southeast Asia ……… 70 An Age of Knights and Serfs - The Feudal and Manor Systems ……… 72 The Largest Empire in Human History Was Built - Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire ……… 74 A Terrifying Disease That Shook European Society - The Black Death ……… 76 Drive Out the Barbarians and Restore the True China - The Ming Dynasty ……… 78 The Curtain Falls on the Feudal Age - The Hundred Years' War ……… 80 Chapter 3: Flourishing Culture and Technological Development An Age Centered on Humanity Begins - The Renaissance ……… 84 Raising Europe's Learning and Knowledge to a New Level - Gutenberg's Printing Press ……… 86 Europe Turns Its Eyes Toward Asia and the Americas - The Age of Exploration ……… 88 Reforming the Corrupt Roman Catholic Church - The Reformation ……… 90 American Civilizations That Vanished into History - The Fall of the Aztecs and Incas ……… 92 Islamic and Indian Cultures Meet - The Mughal Empire ……… 94 Japan Ends Its Long Division and Unifies - The Unification of Japan ……… 96 Colonial Trade, All in My Hands! - The British East India Company ……… 98 Nurhaci's Descendants Founded the Qing Dynasty - The Founding of the Qing Dynasty ……… 100 The Most Powerful King in French History - Louis XIV ……… 102 Rising Russia Through Strength - Peter the Great ……… 104 Chapter 4: The Road to Modern Society Farmers Were Driven Out to Raise Sheep - The Enclosure Movement ……… 108 The King Became a Symbolic Figurehead - The Glorious Revolution ……… 110 New Machine Inventions Changed the World - The Industrial Revolution ……… 112 Heavy Taxes Angered the Colonists - American Independence ……… 114 Britain Sent Its Convicts to Australia - European Settlement of Australia ……… 116 Citizens Suffering from Poverty Sparked a Revolution - The French Revolution ………